REFERENCES USED AS SOURCES FOR THIS PAGE: 1 Vitamin B12 injection via Cleveland Clinic
Why Replenishing NAD+ Matters More With Age NAD+ decline drives slowdowns in energy, cognition, repair, and inflammation control
Common causes include: Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder hindering Vitamin B12 absorption Gastrointestinal surgeries, like gastrectomy, impact Vitamin B12 uptake Long-term use of certain medications, such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors Diets lacking in Vitamin B12, often seen in vegans and vegetarians For those without a deficiency, Vitamin B12 injections are not typically recommended, as their body can naturally regulate and excrete excess amounts of the vitamin
[13] [9] Patients should report any changes in symptoms, particularly neurological manifestations, as these may indicate inadequate dosing or alternative diagnoses